A Story of Friendship Essay Example For Students

A Story of Friendship Essay Companionship isn't something you learn in school. Be that as it may, on the off chance that you havent took in the importance of fellowship, you truly havent got the hang of anything. At the point when I was youthful, I never knew the genuine significance of companionship. All the individuals that were around me were my family members, so I never thought about having companions. As I grew up, I got myself alone despite the fact that I had a major family and numerous cousins. I didnt have that exceptional companion who I could spend time with and advise everything to. At the point when I was ten years of age, I got truly discouraged on the grounds that I didnt have any companions and my folks didnt realize what to do to remove me from my downturn. Sooner or later, we realized that we were going to the US; this made me occupied and disregard my downturn for the remainder of the time that we were in Jordan. On November 19 2007, I showed up to the United States abandoning no companions me. It was increasingly hard to make companions when I couldnt talk any English. My life totally changed when I met my closest companion a year later. Coincidently, the young lady who I met at coaching meeting during summer and thought she was the most self-important individual on this planet turned into my closest companion. From the outset, I used to detest her and she used to despise me for no specific explanation. We use to give each other the dirtiest look and I use to state to myself who does she think she is. We both communicate in a similar language so it was simple for the instructor to acquaint us with one another. I said to myself OMG I dont need to converse with her in any case I needed to. I said hello there and she answered with a similar word yet I heard it with a contempt voice. From that point forward, we never talked during the whole mentor meeting. In the fall of my rookies year, I met her at Western High School. We had a ton of classes together. At the point when I saw her close to me in financial aspects class. I resembled OH NO not once more!! How am I going to stand her the entire year? At that point, my cousin proceeded to present herself and the two of them began talking. I felt that I misconceived her and that she was extremely decent. I went up to her and advised her, Hi, you recall me? She said indeed, obviously we went to the equivalent mentoring meetings the previous summer. Since that day, we became companions and helped each other in homework. As the year went on, we were closest companions and like sisters. Our families turned out to be so near one another also. I have numerous recollections with her that I will always remember. One of my preferred recollections is I recall one time our educator disclosed to us you folks resemble magnet in any event, when I isolated both of you, you despite everything figured out how to converse with one another. However we despite everything battle a great deal and contend about numerous things simply like any two closest companions. You will consistently observe us contending about anything besides toward the day's end, we overlook everything that occurred. We resemble Tom and Jerry continually battling yet cant stand a day without one another. A large portion of our secondary school and even now in school instructor dont get us since we contend and battle yet before the hour's over, theyll see us chuckling and kidding like nothing had occurred. A few educators and even our companions have revealed to us that we are insane. We bolster each other regardless of what occurs. She generally reveals to me you are the sister I generally wished to have and regardless of whether I had one I would not adore her as much as I love you.

Martin Scorsese Research Paper free essay sample

Since the beginning of filmmaking, chiefs have utilized their own encounters to impact their movies. They attempt to bring out some type of feeling out of the watcher dependent on something that they find recognizable to them. Martin Scorsese’s Italian legacy assisted with molding his directorial style in films. Martin Scorsese was continually encircled by everything Italian. He was conceived on November 17, 1942 in Corona, Queens, New York (LoBrutto, 11). He lived in Corona, an Italian ruled suburb of New York. His folks chose to move there on the grounds that they needed their youngsters to escape â€Å"the consistent introduction to life’s real factors on the Lower East Side† (LoBrutto, 11). Crown appeared to be a little Sicily in New York to Scorsese. Scorsese lived close to a considerable lot of his aunties and uncles, which he delighted in on the grounds that he cherished having his family around. A portion of his relatives have made appearances in a couple of his movies. We will compose a custom paper test on Martin Scorsese Research Paper or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Scorsese had created asthma at three years old. At that point, specialists knew little data about asthma and how to treat it. Individuals in the Italian-American people group had the conviction that asthma victims brought it upon themselves mentally, and saw individuals who had it as â€Å"weak, delicate, and sickly† (LoBrutto, 13). Martin Scorsese’s specialist exhorted his folks to keep him inside and to have him abstain from whatever would get him excessively energized. In Vincent LoBrutto’s book Martin Scorsese: A Biography, He cites that Scorsese’s specialist said â€Å"Keep them tranquil and quiet. They are genuinely charged, ‘high strung’ and any presentation to outrageous circumstances could trigger an assault. They should be shielded from the threats noticeable all around they inhale and the vulnerabilities outside of the controlled condition of their home† (LoBrutto, 13). His folks were extremely dependent on the doctor’s words. Scorsese was stuck inside the dividers of his home for a large portion of his adolescence, as opposed to outside playing in his terrace. He felt secluded and under consistent watch. On account of his demeanor, Scorsese started to build up a developing enthusiasm for workmanship and films (Lipton). Rather than playing sports, Martin would be taken to the cinemas by his folks or sibling. In view of his developing interest for films, youthful Scorsese began making his own storyboards, shot by shot representations like that of a funny cartoon (Lipton). From that time in his life, he realized he had an enthusiasm forâ cinema. â€Å"Martin Scorsese’s see from his room onto the universe of the road was restricted to the point that the stature and width of the open window turned into the perspective proportion for the movies he would make, even before he realized he would have been a filmmaker† (Lobrutto, 25). Today, he sees what an enormous job his asthma had on placing him in the way that lead to the fruitful profession he has now. Martin Scorsese went to New York University, where he examined film. A portion of his initial works incorporate Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Who’s That Knocking at My Door? furthermore, Mean Streets. Mean Streets, the most widely praised of the three, is viewed as a self-portraying film about Scorsese. It reproduces life on the avenues where Scorsese grew up. This film was about his home, the sorts of individuals he knew and the music he tuned in to (Lipton). The film tends to his life in â€Å"Little Sicily†, New York, and the Roman Catholic religion. Charlie, the principle character, appears to be an identical representation of Scorsese. Charlie is a strict individual who is content with Little Sicily and all that is in it. He essentially needs to excel throughout everyday life and assist individuals with preferring his closest companion Johnny Boy, which he accepts may go about as a kind of retribution for the transgressions he submits in his day by day life (Ebert). Scorsese’s introduction to criminals and clerics, and how everyone regarded the ministers most in the town have impacted the movies he makes. His harsh conviction that clerics could accomplish â€Å"the snappiest course to salvation from unique and aggregated sins† (Lobrutto, 33), drove him to seek after ministry; yet after a bombed endeavor at surrendering motion pictures for Lent, and getting kicked out of a theological school, this desire rapidly passed on. His movies, be that as it may, regularly address the issue of religion and God, and his heroes much of the time wind up at the purpose of â€Å"redemption†. Cab driver one of Martin’s greatest early achievement, shows this battle among goodness and sin, and is considered Martin’s first huge accomplishment as an expert executive. He considers this film as â€Å"a film that originated from the heart† (Scorsese).

Join us for Twitter Talk Thursday! COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Join us for Twitter Talk Thursday! COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog We know youve got questions and we want to answer them. Our admissions and financial aid officers answer your questions about student life, the application process, fellowships and more, via emails, phone calls and the  Admissions Blog. We also host weekly webinars and in-person information sessions. But we want to do more for you. So were trying something new in the Office of Admissions Financial Aid.  Starting this month, were introducing a new way to get in touch with us:  Twitter Talk Thursdays.  This monthly, one-hour chat session will allow you to ask us in real-time your most pressing admissions questions. Not sure how to answer the optional essay? Want to confirm the types of course listings to include on your quantitative resume? Curious about the differences between scholarships and assistantships? Then this monthly event is for you! So get online, craft your questions and connect with us in 140 characters or less! (Photo courtesy of TheSocialSkinny.com) During Twitter Talk Thursdays, ask us your questions, live on Twitter, at @ColumbiaSIPA  using  #askSIPA.   To accommodate both our domestic and international applicants, were hosting two, one-hour sessions every month. (Twitter Talk Thursdays take place the last Thursday of the month.) Heres the schedule for Twitter Talk Thursdays: January 29, 2015 9:00-10:00 a.m. EST 12:00-1:00 p.m. EST A special addition for Fall 2015 applicants! The application deadline is February 5, 2015. February 26, 2015 9:00-10:00 a.m. EST 12:00-1:00 p.m. EST March 26, 2015 9:00-10:00 a.m. EST 12:00-1:00 p.m. EST April 30, 2015 9:00-10:00 a.m. EST 12:00-1:00 p.m. EST We look forward to tweeting with you! Remember, tweet us  @ColumabiSIPA  with #askSIPA.

Montana State University ACT Scores, Acceptance Rate

Montana State University, with an acceptance rate of 83 percent, is largely accessible to interested students. Those with good grades and test scores are likely to be admitted. To apply, prospective students will need to submit an application (which can be found at the schools website), along with a high school transcript and scores from the SAT or ACT. If you have any questions about applying, feel free to call or email the admissions office at MSU. Admissions Data (2016) Montana State University Acceptance Rate: 83%GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Montana State AdmissionsTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 500 / 620SAT Math: 510 / 630SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanSAT score comparison for Montana collegesBig Sky Conference SAT score comparisonACT Composite: 21 / 28ACT English: 20 / 28ACT Math: 21 / 28What these ACT numbers meanACT score comparison for Montana collegesBig Sky Conference ACT score comparison Montana State University Description Montana State University is the main campus of the Montana State University System. Montana States huge 1,200-acre campus is located in Bozeman, the fourth largest city in the state. Yellowstone National Park is a little over an hour away. Founded in 1893 as an agricultural college, Montana State today offers over 50 Bachelors degree programs. Business and nursing are the most popular fields among undergraduates. Montana State has a 16 to 1  student/faculty ratio. On the athletic front, the Montana State Bobcats compete in the NCAA Division I  Big Sky Conference. The school fields 15 intercollegiate sports. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 16,359  (14,340 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 55% Male / 45% Female85% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17) Tuition and Fees: $6,887 (in-state); $23,186 (out-of-state)Books: $1,300 (why so much?)Room and Board: $8,900Other Expenses: $3,380Total Cost: $20,467 (in-state); $36,766 (out-of-state) Montana State University Financial Aid (2015  - 16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 84%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 74%Loans: 43%Average Amount of AidGrants: $5,879Loans: $6,719 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Art, Business, Cell Biology, Elementary Education, Environmental Design, Family and Consumer Sciences, Film, Nursing, Psychology Retention and Graduation Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 76%4-Year Graduation Rate: 24%6-Year Graduation Rate: 53% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:  Track and Field, Tennis, Skiing, Basketball, FootballWomens Sports:  Golf, Skiing, Basketball, Tennis, Volleyball, Cross Country Data Source National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Montana State University, You May Also Like These Schools Montana State University-BillingsUniversity of MontanaCarroll CollegeUniversity of WyomingMontana TechWashington State UniversityColorado State University (Fort Collins)University of IdahoEastern Washington UniversityBoise State UniversityOregon State UniversityUniversity of OregonColorado State University Montana State University Mission Statement mission statement from  http://www.montana.edu/strategicplan/vision.html Montana State University, the states land-grant institution, educates students, creates knowledge and art, and serves communities by integrating learning, discovery and engagement.

The Hidden Gem of Gre All Possible Essay Topics

The Hidden Gem of Gre All Possible Essay Topics Begin with general subjects that you are conversant with then narrow down to a particular topic. Deciding upon a topic is an essential issue that partly estimates final success of the job. It is impossible to generate an actual friend online. Shopping online isn't secure or secure. Choosing Good Gre All Possible Essay Topics A typical dictionary for reference ought to be kept handy while preparation. So, the next time you're solving questions on Reading Comprehension, don't forget that the Rotten Tomato technique offers you healthy outcomes. A part of rhetorical analysis might appear a true problem to students. Some folks claim essay you're able to tell if a nation is excellent by taking a look at the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. They believe that in order to thrive, a society must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens. They believe that scientific discoveries ha ve given us a much better understanding of the world around us. One of the benefits of public schooling is the fact that it is a distinctly distinct environment from home, where learning subjects at home makes it almost impossible to stay disciplined on occasion. Present-day affairs in the financial and economic spheres of the nation are always a popular selection of topics for the examiners. Very often it becomes tough to choose 1 topic either due to the many ideas in the student's head, or due to their complete absence. The candidate is needed to support her or his point of view with examples and reasoning. Gre All Possible Essay Topics at a Glance Essays are definitely the most popular academic paper that looks might appear easy to writer. Feel free to pick a topic which you will delight in writing about and not just one that you believe will please your professor. Let's get going with a streak of process analysis essay topics that will help you on your way to an excell ent process analysis essay. Categories, essay topics could possibly be divided into. Students are often fearful of rhetorical analysis essays because they don't know how to write them. Students often utilize answer grids as a way to conserve time. In such a circumstance, a student must select an ideal topic to write about. Some students utilize the very first idea that arrives in their head and work on it, but the outcome isn't successful. College students should base their selection of an area of study on the access to work in that area. New Ideas Into Gre All Possible Essay Topics Never Before Revealed Essay is about putting into beautiful words, our ideas and ideas. Be attentive to the size it must be and begin writing the narrative essay outline. Regardless of what piece of writing you are assigned at your institution, the comprehensive paper has to be interesting to read. At that time, you can begin writing full length practice essays. The point here is to understand what you're going to write before writing it. The significance of research in persuasive writing cannot be overstated. You may trust us to offer expert assistance for many of your academic writing needs. Use transition words to create your text coherent and simple to read. If you want to read faster, you should realize that speed reading can't be achieved overnight. An essay should quintessentially include a very good introduction, followed by a comprehensive body and finally a superb conclusion. Critical judgment of work in any certain field has little value unless it comes from somebody who is a specialist in that area.

The American Dream in the Jungle Free Essays

string(128) " knew as much about the situation as they did, and he knew that the family might literally starve to death† \(Sinclair 120\)\." Many immigrants migrate to America everyday with the hopes to achieve their American dream. For most immigrants the American dream consist of finding a country where effort and morality transcend to success. In â€Å"The Jungle† by Upton Sinclair, a family of hard working optimistic Lithuanians migrate to America with the belief that equality and opportunity dictates that all people should have the same opportunities open to them if they put out efforts. We will write a custom essay sample on The American Dream in the Jungle or any similar topic only for you Order Now They arrive to the US expecting to find a land of opportunity, freedom, and equality, and acceptance. Instead they find a land where only crime, moral corruption and crookedness enables them to succeed. The hopes and dreams of these individuals are destroyed as they encounter a land of moral corruption, crime, exploitation and a life of depression and unhealthy daily labor that brings them physical and mental pain. Sinclair clearly shows that the American Dream is simply an illusion. The title of the book â€Å"The Jungle† creates an atmosphere of predators and prey like survival of the fittest.The predators being the criminals and the prey being the Rudkus family. The title of the book symbolizes how the lower class represented by the Rudkus family is being exploited or attacked by the capitalist society and how the country is turned into a jungle . Sinclair uses similes and metaphors to demonstrate the comparison between animals of the jungle and the people . For example in chapter 15, when Jurgis finds out that Connor â€Å"the great beast† rapes Ona, Jurgis â€Å"eyes were wild and his hair flying, and he was breathing hoarsely like a wounded bull†.Jurgis â€Å"sprang† into a room to find Connor, â€Å"his prey,† and â€Å"sunk his teeth into the man’s cheek, and when they tore him away he was dripping whit blood, and the little ribbons of skin where hanging in his mouth† (Sinclair 162). Such imagery is portrayed through out the novel. Exploitation is foreshowed at the beginning of the story when Jurgis and Ona celebrate their weeding and the guest refuse to leave money to pay for the weeding. Ona is concerned that they wont be able to pay for the expenses and that they will be in serious debt but Jurgis assures her that he will work harder and earn all the money back. Leave it to me, leave it up to me. I will earn more money-I will work harder† (Sinclair 21). This quotation shows how in the beginning of the novel Jurgis is very optimistic, strong, determine, energetic and, devoted to his family and his new country, being unaware of how the system works. Even when the family tries to purchase their new home which is symbolize by what their American dream is, they get exploited by the real state agent. Grandmother Majauszkiene tells them â€Å"You are all alike all the rest, they trick you and eat you alive. They never sell the house without interest.Get your deed, and see†(Sinclair 73). The tone of this quote also expresses the jungle atmosphere when she mentions how they are been tricked and eaten alive. Another individual that serves as an opposing force to the Rudkus family is Phil Connor. He is Ona’s boss at the factory and represents the higher corrupt authority in Chicago. He also rapes and takes advantage of Ona by pushing her into prostitution and makes life harder for Jurgis and his family when he decides to put him in the blacklist, making it absurd for Jurgis to get a new job.He is clearly an example of someone who abuses his power over others for his own personal profit It is an argument that its up to everyone to do whatever is in their power to be happy. By exploiting the Rudkus family the real estate agent was happy because his American dream is to sell and make as much profit as possible. But up to what extend is it fair to achieve one’s American Dream? It is not fair to exploit other individuals in order to achieve ones goals and dreams. These people are coming to America unknowingly of how the system works blind to the ways of capitalism.For example, in chapter 3 Jurgis is portrayed as a naive individual that is not familiar on how the lab or system works, he is overwhelmed with his new job that he doesn’t understand Jokubus’ cynicism when he cynically points out the signs posted that demand cleanliness, â€Å"That was why to Jurgis it seemed almost profanity to speak about the place as did Jokubas, skeptically†. Jurgis was grateful to have a job and that’s all he knew at the time â€Å"to be given a place in it and a share in its wonderful activities was a blessing to be grateful for, as one was grateful for the sunshine and the rain† (Sinclair 43).Is not until later on when he starts to understand more and more about the bitterness he sees in his co-workers. Another form of exploitation that doesn’t allow Jurgis and his family to achieve their American dream is the long hours of labor they must work in order to maintain the family alive. These unhealthy long hours of labor that they must work brings the family physical and mental pain. When Jurgis starts to work in the meat packing plant he is exited and happy to have a job, soon after he discovers that he is engaged in unfair labor activities as well as unsafe food handling.In chapter 11 Jurgis suffers from a terrible accident at work. The company doctor tells him that he’ll be laid up for months with a severe ankle and foot injury. The accident poses a terrible problem for the family. Without Jurgis’ wages, they might starve. â€Å"It was dreadful that an accident of this sort, that no man can help, should have meant such suffering. The bitterness of it was the daily food and drink of Jurgis. It was of no use to them to try to deceive him, he knew as much about the situation as they did, and he knew that the family might literally starve to death† (Sinclair 120). You read "The American Dream in the Jungle" in category "Papers"Soon after Ona becomes terribly ill with a cough similar to the one that killed Dede Antana, she also becomes pregnant and not long after dies when giving birth. â€Å"They were beaten; they had lost the game, they were swept aside. It was not less tragic because it was so sordid, because that it had to do with wages and grocery bills and rents. They had dreamed of freedom; of a chance to look about them and learn something; to be decent and clean, to see their child group up to be strong. And now it was all gone-it would never be! (Sinclair 163) Jurgis and his family have failed in the attempt to pursue the American dream because the wage slavery and unfair labor practices shatters every aspect of their lives. Not only does the unhealthy labor causes the family physical pain but also mental pain. For example Stanislovas, one of Elzbieta’s children witnesses a little boy with severe frostbite to his ears that fall off when a man rubs them strongly to try to save them. After that, Stanislovas develops a phobia of the cold winter and throws a fit before work each day.He doesn’t want to go out in the cold with the fear that his ears are going to fall off. Also seeing how the food is processed becomes a sort of trauma for the characters. Sinclair uses symbolism to show how the torture of the pigs and the meat is symbolic of the middle class. Workers get chewed up just like the meat. It is an argument that if one is working in a slaughterhouse one must have to be strong minded and expect to work with blood, and other bodily fluids that can cause effect.The problem with this argument is that at the cost of a whole factory staff only a few get to be happy, while those workers down on the killing floors are being hurt on a daily basis and get little to no pay. Ironically labor is suppose to be part of the American dream, immigrants travel to the country to find jobs to prosper and make money but in this case the hard long hours of work only corporate towards their family destruction. As the novel progresses the role of family diminishes as the characters become increasingly abuse and battered. For example in chapter 13 Kristoforas, one of Elzbieta’s children dies, Jurgis is more relief than sad because that only mean that there is one less mouth to feed. The only thing that concerns Jurgis is the expenses for the funeral since they have no money. â€Å"Kristoforas had howled his last howl. No one was really sorry about this except poor Elzbieta, who was inconsolable. Jurgis announced that so far as he was concerned the child would have to be buried by the city, since they had no money for a funeral† (Sinclair 134).At this point in the novel the main focus is survival and the desperate need for nourishment takes priority over compassion and love, as evidenced by Jurgis’s beating Stanislovas when he doesn’t want to go to work. The unity of the family is destroyed by the poverty, a result of capitalist economics and it doesn’t allow them to give affection to one another. In chapter 10 it is evident that Ona and Jurgis don’t have time for their newborn baby, â€Å"Jurgis had to go to sleep himself. Then in the morning there was no time to look at him, so really the only chance the father had was Sundays.This was more cruel yet for Ona, who ought to have stayed home and nursed the him, the doctors said for her own heath as well as the baby’s, but Ona had to go to work and leave him† (Sinclair 114) Jurgis and Ona aren’t able to enjoy each other anymore, whenever they talk it is merely about their concerns and worries. â€Å"Talked they had only their worries to talk of- truly it was hard, in such a life, to keep any sentiment alive† (Sinclair 129). Ona doesn’t feel love anymore by Jurgis, she is concerned that the misery is wearing out their love. She wondered if he cared for her as much as ever, if all this misery was not wearing out his love†(Sinclair 130). Sinclair shows how this family has been destro yed by the corruption and greed of others, the tone is very depressing and tragic. In this point of the novel the characters have been consumed from head to toe by the oppression of their job, they don’t even have energy to show emotions such as love, hate, or sadness. Jurgis is clearly a robot to the society that engages in a routine from home to work and back to home just to sleep.Jurgis and his family have become dehumanized and become more zombie like as they are described with intense imagery â€Å"Jurgis cant not stay angry. The poor fellow looked like a homeless ghost, whit his cheeks sunken in and his long black hair straggling into his eyes; he was too discourage to cut it, or think about his appearance. His muscles were wasting away, and what where left where soft and flabby. He had no appetite and they couldn’t not afford to tempt in whit any delicacies.It was better, he said, that he shouldn’t not eat, it was saving. † (Sinclair 127) Some people argue that if Jurgis and Ona never had a baby, the money being used for that baby could have been used for other purposes like food or toward their home. having children while having no money is bad. But being happy with the little bit of money they had, Ona and Jurgis didn’t think it would be much of a problems In chapter 10 before Ona gets pregnant, the family has enough money to survive and even has money left to pay little by little his debts. During the early part of winter the family had had money enough to live and little over to pay their debts† (Sinclair 105). But Jurgis then gets injured and has no work. When he has no work there is no money flowing into the home, this causes despair and urgency. It was also part of their American dream, to have kids watch them grow and give them an education. â€Å"They were beaten; they had lost the game, they were swept aside. It was not less tragic because it was so sordid, because it had to do with wages and grocery bills and rents.They had dreamed of freedom; of a chance to look about them and learn something; to be decent and clean, to see their child grow up to be strong. And now it was all gone–it would never be! They had played the game and they had lost. † (Sinclair 144). This quote shows how Jurgis’s life has been destroyed by the unjust social system that didn’t allow him to achieve his American dream. The American dream is cWork Cited Page Upton Sinclair. The Jungle New York: Bantam Classic edition, 1906 How to cite The American Dream in the Jungle, Papers

Sometime in April Summary and Analysis of the Movie

Sometime in April is a film that narrates about events that took place in Rwanda during the 1994 genocide. Rwanda is a small country in Africa that has two tribes, Hutus and Tutsis. When the Belgians left Rwanda, power was left to the Hutus who were the majority. When the Belgians were in this country, they preferred working with the minority Tutsis to the majority Hutu. Leadership positions were given to the Tutsis. This created a great hatred between the two tribes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sometime in April: Summary and Analysis of the Movie specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Hutus took over power determined to exert their power over the Tutsis. When the world intervened, a section of the elite Hutus organized one of the worst massacres that has ever been witnessed in the world history. While the president of this country was signing agreement between the Hutus and Tutsis that was necessitated by the United Nation, a group of army generals were busy preparing the military and the militants for a secret mission that would result in a mass massacre. When the president left the meeting, his plane was short down by unknown assailants. Both sides blamed each other for this massacre. Tutsis blamed the Hutus for taking away the life of a president who was a liberal, while the Hutus blamed the Tutsis for killing the president by virtue of his tribe. This sparked the war. Soon after bringing down the president’s plane, a group of Hutus attacked then the prime minister’s house and killed her and some members of her family. Other massacres sprung out spontaneously in various parts of the country. The military generals were majorly the Hutus. The majority of foot soldiers were also Hutus. In a manner that showed some planning, the military split into two. The Hutu soldiers killed their Tutsi counterparts. Because they were the minority, they could not do much. During the first day of the war, over eight thousand people, majorly Tutsis, were killed. The country completely lost sanity as the two tribes viewed each other as enemies. The majority Hutu took control of the country completely. The mission of the Hutu military and the militants was to eliminate all the Tutsis. Through radio broadcasts, Hutus were encouraged to eliminate the Tutsis using crude weapons. The presenters would refer to the Tutsis as ‘inyenzi’, which is translated as â€Å"cockroach†. They would urge the Hutu militants to use machetes on them other than wasting bullets. The militants were supplied with machetes and other forms of crude weapon. The war spread very quickly. To ensure that the Tutsis could not escape to other neighboring countries, the roads were blocked very fast by both the militants and the soldiers. They inspected all travelers and if anyone were identified as a Tutsi or a Tutsi sympathizer, he or she would be eliminated on the spot.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The decision to watch this movie came out of the desire to know what transpired in Rwanda during the genocide. The movie brings out the whole scenario in a much clear and elaborate manner. This movie is a direct criticism of the international society. The international society did not take any serious action to end this madness. The United Nations sent troops to release the whites who were trapped in this scuffle. With very strict instructions to follow, the soldiers rescued the whites, not attempting at all to rescue the Tutsis whose lives were more at danger than the Hutus. This clearly indicated that the International society failed to see the need to save the Tutsis from an eminent elimination. The marauding youths and soldiers would go to schools and churches eliminating any Tutsi or their sympathizers who sought refuge in such places. This was happening w hile the international society watched from a distance. Augustine, the main character who narrates the story, lost his wife who happened to be a Tutsi, his daughter Ann and two sons. This was important to bring out the impact of the catastrophe. By killing the entire family of the main character, the producers created a scenario, which allowed viewers to sympathize with those who lost their families. Analysis of the Movie Sometime in April presents us with an intriguing scenario. The war between the two tribes, as revealed in the movie, was inevitable. The producers keenly brought out this to reflect the real incidents that took place in Rwanda. There was a deeply rooted mistrust and hatred between the two tribes. Whereas the Hutus viewed the Tutsis as traitors who were used by the colonial government to frustrate the majority Hutus, the Tutsis viewed Hutu as greedy individuals who were keen on ensuring that they remain in power and deprive the Tutsis of their hard-earned wealth. Be cause of their strength in numbers, the Hutus ensured that they controlled the government with an iron fist against the Tutsis. The war started at a pace that was very alarming. According to the movie, over eight thousand people died each day. To an extent, the producers used liberty to make the movie more interesting. When the movie begins, we are left guessing who could have been responsible for bringing down the plane. In as much as one might believe that Tutsi rebels wanted to create tension so that they could get the reason to start the war, there is much more than has been brought to the eye. The army generals, who were Hutus, were not taken aback by this incident.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sometime in April: Summary and Analysis of the Movie specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the contrary, they were keen on what to do next. The pattern of killing during this genocide showed a clearly planned massac re by both sides. The army generals were critical of the president for making many concessions. Although the movie does not categorically state which of the two sides was responsible, all signs point out to the possibility that those responsible were Hutu hardliners who were displeased with the president for giving in to the pressures of the international society. The producers have given both sides of the story a proper presentation. This was purely an ethnic war, pitting the Hutus against the Tutsis. The war was an internal affair of Rwanda as a state. However, the response of the world powers was very poor. The United Nations was established to ensure that there is peace in the world and it has the mandate to intervene in case there is a case of mass murder in a country, irrespective of weather the country is sovereign or not (Rikhof 67). However, the soldiers sent by the United Nations were keen to rescue the whites only. As it can be seen from the movie, the target was not the whites. There is no specific point when any side of the warring parties attacked the whites. Although it was justified to remove them from the country that was in flames, the main issue was to rescue the Tutsis who were dying in large numbers. To send troops to rescue whites was therefore a sign of lack of concern by the global society. In a high profile meeting organized by the US officials, one of the delegates wanted to know what the US would gain if it could send its troops to this country. It is a fact that the US, just like any other sovereign country in the world, has the capacity to determine which war to join and which one to avoid, depending on the relevance of the war. However, by virtue of being the sole superpower, this country had a direct responsibility to ensure that humanity is protected. Letting things get out of control was a decision that would earn some degree of criticism. The film is a reflection of what took place in Rwanda. It has employed fiction to bring o ut the realities of the Rwandan genocide. The filmmakers were keen to bring out a very appealing movie with characters and flow of the story. This has made the movie to be very interesting. I therefore enjoyed watching it and would recommend it to others because it is educative. Because of this, I would keep it on the supplemental films list.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion The movie ‘Sometime in April’ is a very captivating and poignant film. It narrates what took place during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. It captures the mass killings of the Tutsis by the majority Hutus. It also brings to light the role of the media in the massacre. Although one of the US officials said that radio stations do not kill, it is evident from the movie that radio stations were more dangerous than the swords and the bullets. They spread hate speech, which literally encouraged the Hutus to kill the Tutsis irrespective of age or gender. To ensure that the listeners could be motivated for this task, the radio stations reminded the Hutus that it was the Tutsis who were used by the Belgian government to suppress the Hutus. The movie is articulately presented. It elicits emotions as it focuses on the murders that took place during this time. It is done in a way that makes it real. Works Cited Rikhof, Joseph. â€Å"Hate speech and international criminal la w, the Mugesera decision by the Supreme Court of Canada†. JIC, 3.1, 2005, 1121-1133. This essay on Sometime in April: Summary and Analysis of the Movie was written and submitted by user Casen Barber to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Hydrologic

The hydrologic cycle is a rotation of water exchange between the land, the ocean, and the atmosphere on earth. It is an amazing fact that water circulates without any loss of water.  ¡Ã‚ °Hydrologic cycle includes evaporation form the sea, movement of water vapor over the land, condensation, precipitation, surface runoff, subsurface runoff, and so on ¡Ã‚ ±. (p.189) Because it is a complex and long process, humans did not recognize what was exactly going on until recent times. Talking about how humans developed the idea of the hydrologic cycle, we begin with the ideas of people from the sixteenth century. They believed that water discharged by springs and streams could not be derived form the rain, for two reasons. The first reason was that rainfall was treated as inadequate in quantity. The other reason was that they believed the earth was too impervious to permit penetration of water very far below the surface. (p.190) However, people from even earlier ages, the ancients, knew that the ocean never overflowed. So they figured that was why the rivers flowed to the oceans. One thing the ancients wondered about was how the water got into the rivers from the seas, and how it lost its salt content. The evidence suggests that the ancients ¡Ã‚ ¯ ideas came from the Bible. In Ecclesiastes 1:7, it says,  ¡Ã‚ ®all the rivers run into the sea, yet the sea is not full; unto the place from whence the rivers come thither they return again. ¡Ã‚ ¯  ¡Ã‚ °Once again the recognition of the role of infiltration in supplying water to springs and rivers began in the sixteenth century ¡Ã‚ ±. (p.190) Leonardo da Vinci is credited with one of the earliest accurate descriptions of the hydrologic cycle. He was a brilliant scientist, and he was in charge of canals in the Milan area at the time. Probably his occupation of being in charge of canals helped him developing his theory about the hydrologic cycle. Whence we may conclude that the water goes form... Free Essays on Hydrologic Free Essays on Hydrologic The hydrologic cycle is a rotation of water exchange between the land, the ocean, and the atmosphere on earth. It is an amazing fact that water circulates without any loss of water.  ¡Ã‚ °Hydrologic cycle includes evaporation form the sea, movement of water vapor over the land, condensation, precipitation, surface runoff, subsurface runoff, and so on ¡Ã‚ ±. (p.189) Because it is a complex and long process, humans did not recognize what was exactly going on until recent times. Talking about how humans developed the idea of the hydrologic cycle, we begin with the ideas of people from the sixteenth century. They believed that water discharged by springs and streams could not be derived form the rain, for two reasons. The first reason was that rainfall was treated as inadequate in quantity. The other reason was that they believed the earth was too impervious to permit penetration of water very far below the surface. (p.190) However, people from even earlier ages, the ancients, knew that the ocean never overflowed. So they figured that was why the rivers flowed to the oceans. One thing the ancients wondered about was how the water got into the rivers from the seas, and how it lost its salt content. The evidence suggests that the ancients ¡Ã‚ ¯ ideas came from the Bible. In Ecclesiastes 1:7, it says,  ¡Ã‚ ®all the rivers run into the sea, yet the sea is not full; unto the place from whence the rivers come thither they return again. ¡Ã‚ ¯  ¡Ã‚ °Once again the recognition of the role of infiltration in supplying water to springs and rivers began in the sixteenth century ¡Ã‚ ±. (p.190) Leonardo da Vinci is credited with one of the earliest accurate descriptions of the hydrologic cycle. He was a brilliant scientist, and he was in charge of canals in the Milan area at the time. Probably his occupation of being in charge of canals helped him developing his theory about the hydrologic cycle. Whence we may conclude that the water goes form...

Pericardiumâ€Anatomy and Function

Pericardium- Anatomy and Function The pericardium is the fluid-filled sac that surrounds the heart and the proximal ends of the aorta, venae cavae, and the pulmonary artery. The heart and pericardium are situated behind the sternum (breastbone) in a position in the middle of the chest cavity known as the mediastinum. The pericardium serves as an outer protective covering of the heart, a vital organ of the circulatory system and cardiovascular system. The primary function of the heart is to help circulate blood to the tissues and organs of the body. Function of the Pericardium The pericardium has several protective functions: Keeps the heart contained within the chest cavityPrevents the heart from over-expanding when blood volume increasesLimits heart motionReduces friction between the heart and surrounding tissuesProtects the heart against infection While the pericardium provides a number of valuable functions, it is not essential for life. The heart can maintain normal function without it. Pericardial Membranes The pericardium is divided into three membrane layers: Fibrous pericardium is the outer fibrous sac that covers the heart. It provides an outer protective layer that is attached to the sternum by  sternopericardial ligaments. Fibrous pericardium helps to keep the heart contained within the chest cavity. It also protects the heart from an infection that could potentially spread from nearby organs such as the lungs.Parietal pericardium is the layer between the fibrous pericardium and visceral pericardium. It is continuous with fibrous pericardium and provides an additional layer of insulation for the heart.Visceral pericardium is both the inner layer of the pericardium and the outer layer of the heart wall. Also known as the epicardium, this layer protects the inner heart layers and also assists in the production of pericardial fluid. Epicardium consists of connective tissue elastic fibers and adipose (fat) tissue, which help to support and protect the inner heart layers. Oxygen-rich blood is supplied to the epicardium and inner heart la yers by the coronary arteries. Pericardial Cavity The pericardial cavity lies between the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium. This cavity is filled with pericardial fluid which serves as a shock absorber by reducing friction between the pericardial membranes. There are two pericardial sinuses that pass through the pericardial cavity. A sinus is a passageway or channel. The transverse pericardial sinus is positioned above the left atrium of the heart, anterior to the superior vena cava and posterior to the pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta. The oblique pericardial sinus is situated posteriorly to the heart and is bounded by the inferior vena cava and pulmonary veins. Heart Exterior The surface layer of the heart (epicardium) is directly below the fibrous and parietal pericardium. The external heart surface contains grooves or sulci, which provide passageways for blood vessels of the heart. These sulci run along lines that separate atria from ventricles (atrioventricular sulcus) as well as right and left sides of ventricles (interventricular sulcus). Main blood vessels extending from the heart include the aorta, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, and venae cavae. Pericardial Disorders Pericarditis is a disorder of the pericardium in which the pericardium becomes swollen or inflamed. This inflammation disrupts normal heart function. Pericarditis can be acute (happens suddenly and over quickly) or chronic (happens over a period of time and lasts for a long time). Some causes of pericarditis include bacterial or viral infections, cancer, kidney failure, certain medicines, and heart attack. Pericardial effusion is a condition caused by the accumulation of large amounts of fluid between the pericardium and the heart. This condition can be caused by a number of other conditions that affect the pericardium, such as pericarditis. Cardiac tamponade is pressure build up on the heart due to excessive fluid or blood build up in the pericardium. This excess pressure does not allow the heart ventricles to fully expand. As a result, cardiac output is lowered and blood supply to the body is insufficient. This condition is most commonly caused by hemorrhage due to penetration of the pericardium. The pericardium may become damaged as a result of severe trauma to the chest, a knife or gunshot wound, or accidental puncture during a surgical procedure. Other possible causes of cardiac tamponade include cancer, heart attack, pericarditis, radiation therapy, kidney failure, and lupus.

Motivation Methods Used In the Hotels in Sheffield Coursework

Motivation Methods Used In the Hotels in Sheffield - Coursework Example and J. Clanchy 1997). Throughout this period so, universities in Australia, Canada, USA, UK experienced an internationalisation of their action; together in terms of the number of worldwide students studying intercontinental higher education programmes, and an add to in the width of international students, with around one in ten of the total enrolment make overseas. Frequently, the prevalence of international students that study for an Australia, Canada, USA, UK requirement start from Asia. Dobson et al. state that: Moreover, for part time university students studying human resource management (HRM) as a core subject, chapter will serve as a textbook at higher levels of undergraduate study and postgraduate/Masters study. For business management students studying HRM as a core subject or an option, this text will serve as secondary/further reading for motivation methods. As a sectoral source it builds upon introductions in organizational behaviour, people management or employee relations, and will be useful at higher undergraduate and post-graduate/Masters/Masters in Business Administration (MBA) levels. Social science students m... As a sectoral source it builds upon introductions in organizational behaviour, people management or employee relations, and will be useful at higher undergraduate and post-graduate/Masters/Masters in Business Administration (MBA) levels. Social science students may also be interested in the research, as industrial relations and the employment relationship of part time students with motivation are very important dimensions of the sociology of work. For them this text will represent a rich source of information on contemporary characteristics of service sector work that can exemplify theoretical sociological perspectives, such as fragmentation and feminization of labour, and inform debates on labour process theory. Here the chapter will provide secondary/ further reading on optional courses (Barron, P. and C. 2002). What Are The Significance Of Hotel Industries For Part Time Students in Sheffield For the purposes of this chapter, the term hospitality or Hotel industry (HI) serves as an overarching label for businesses whose primary purpose is to offer food, beverage and accommodation for sale on a commercial basis. The main activities or sub-sectors in the International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities (ISIC) Division 55 (Hotels and restaurants) are hotels, restaurants, bars (including pubs and clubs) and (contract) catering (International Labour Organization (ILO), 2001:5-6). Table I.1 shows the numbers employed in hospitality-specific occupations in the UK. These are the sub-sectors covered by WERS, by comparable Labour Force Surveys (LFSs) in the European Union (EU) and by much of the academic literature

Some questions to answer Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Some questions to answer - Article Example More people need to read the Declaration Independence, Constitution, and law in the Capital. Maybe if lawmakers spent more time doing that instead of raising money for their campaigns, the U.S. would not have as many ignorant lawmakers as there is today. Granny D had to pay a ten dollar fine and was processed as a criminal. I think the system is being twisted by criminals calling themselves politicians and lawmakers. Assignment #2: Pretend that you hug three old persons without any reason and you told them that you love them. Explain your reaction and then explain their reactions It would depend on the three old persons. Some, with Alzheimer’s or feisty personalities, would probably curse or ask if I was crazy. Others would embrace me back and tell me they loved me too. The final group would not have a real reaction, but seemed confused. I would be uncomfortable, because I am not a hug type of person. My discomfort would probably be conveyed. Their reactions would depend on th eir personalities. Old people like young people and other ages all are unique individuals. Some are huggers, some are not. It would depend on the person’s personalities. Just like I am not a hugger, older people would react on their individual personalities. Assignment #3: You have to go to shake your hand with five persons from the Military and tell them "Thank you for your serving" without any reason.

Thermal Conductivity In Physical Engineering Engineering Essay

Thermal Conductivity In Physical Engineering Engineering Essay Thermal Conductivity  is an essential physical property for designing engineering process and measuring the capacity of temperature exchange between heat and cold passing through a material mass. Techniques were developed to measure thermal conductivity in a various materials, Hence the objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing different methods for measuring thermal conductivity as well as construction of the experimental assemble to measure thermal conductivity of numerous materials with the aim of analysis of the experimental data. This paper illustrates the methods of the measurements of thermal conductivity and the process by which it will be brought to a successful culmination. The study of thermal conductivity is important for engineers to know the nature of thermal energy, temperature and how materials store thermal energy as well as to predict the performance of any given material over its lifetime in a specific application. Also to identify the thermal properties of material so as to assess the performance of certain material and develop efficient heat transfer materials for engines and spacecrafts. This project has been taken on board, due to a lack of information and research available on thermal conductivity measurements. Heat is transferred by three procedures which include Conduction, Convection and Radiation. It engages transfer of thermal energy from one place to another. Thermal conductivity is a significant parameter for the analysis of heat transfer through conduction. Conduction takes place due to the particle collision which results in the transfer of thermal energy. Thermal conductivity (k) is an essential property of a material and defined as amount of heat transferred in a unit thickness of materials in a direction because of change in temperature in constant boundary state in a direction perpendicular to the area of transfer. It is measured in watts per Kelvin per meter (WK-1m-1) and determines the rate of energy loss through a material. The project is titled as study of methods for measurement of thermal conductivity. The project will present the literature review about the methods as well as conducting an experiment to measure the thermal conductivity of different materials. In addition, a thorough analysis of the experimental data is to be obtained while performing the experiment. The aims and objectives of this report pursue as: Understanding of theoretical and experimental methods to measure thermal conductivity of solids, liquids and gases. Construction of experimental rig. A thorough analysis of the experimental data. DELIVERABLES 3.1 GENERIC DELIVERABLES Based on the module guide, the following are the generic deliverables for the academic year 2010-2011; Semester Title Start Date Submission Date Semester 1 Preliminary start Monday 27th September Submit Project Planning Report + Log Book Friday 26th November Semester 2 Dissertation start Monday 31st January Project seminars and poster Week commencing 11th April Submission of final report Thursday 28th April Table 2 Delivery dates set by Kingston University for entire project 3.2 PROJECT DELIVERABLES The objectives of the project have been identified and analysed to produce the following deliverables that will have been produced at the end of the project Construction of an experimental rig to measure thermal conductivity of selected material Analysis of the experimental Data Comparison of the results ANALYSIS OF TASKS The tasks that need to be executed in order to achieve the aims of the project, produce the deliverables on schedule and bring the project to a successful end are as follows: Literature review of conductivity methods Journals Books E-resources Research Conductivity methods of solids Conductivity methods of Liquids Conductivity methods of gas Construction of the experimental Rig Results Comparison A literature review will give an insight into various methods of conductivity. Journals, books and other forms of resources will be used to get an understanding of current concepts of methods and recent modifications (Advantages, disadvantages and limitation). This will form the base of the construction of the experimental rig. Once the technique is selected to perform, various materials will be used to determine their conductivity and hence, the data obtained will be analysed. GANTT CHART A timeline/Gantt chart should be produced, showing the sequence and duration of the tasks over the project lifetime. A set of key milestones by which the project progress can be monitored may also be produced. Figure 1 Illustrate an Inital Gantt Chart PROGRESSION TO DATE As of 26/11/10 the project is at the beginning of the research phase. The literature review has been completed by looking into journals and online resources. The information gathered has been on advantages, disadvantages, limitation, process and setup of the conductivity measurement techniques. I have gathered and read a number of journals relating to conductivity measurements. 6.1 METHODS TO MEASURE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF SOLIDS In solids, particles are packed close together by chemical bonds. As heat is transferred, the particles gains energy which results in increase in kinetic energy and particles vibrate against theneighbouring particles causing transfer of energy between the particles. Increase in temperature causes increase in thermal conductivity because of the mobility of boundless electrons. Heat energy is transferred in solids by means of lattice waves, electrical carriers and electromagnetic waves. In metals, the heat is largely transferred by electrical carriers whilst in insulators lattice waves carry large amount of heat. The change in magnitude and temperature of thermal conductivity of solids is due to the dislocations, imperfections of lattice forces and interface between lattice waves and carriers. However the change of thermal conductivity varies depending upon materials. A summary of different techniques to measure thermal conductivities is shown on next page. C-THERM TCi SYSTEM TRANSIENT PLANE SOURCE METHOD HOT-WIRE METHOD NEEDLE PROB METHOD Figure 2 Summary of Techniques to measure thermal conductivity of solids Transient Techniques Methods to measure thermal conductivity of solids Steady State Techniques Comparative Method Pipe Test Method Cut Bar Method Guarded Hot Plate Method 6.1.1 HOT-WIRE METHOD It exists in three forms which include single, crossed resistive wires and two parallel wires distant apart. It is utilized to measure thermal conductivity of refractories and takes several assumptions into account which pursue as: Isotropic Material with Uniform preliminary Temperature Figure 3 Setup of Hot-Wire method (2010, Home, [Internet], Available at: http://www.tpl.fpv.ukf.sk/engl_vers/hot_wire.htm , accessed on 8 October 2010)Hot wire an ideal, infinite thin, and long line heat supply Thermal Conductivitycan be determined by temperature vs. time response (K) due to production of heat flux (q) in the wire surrounded in the sample. Equation 2 Measurement of thermal Conductivity using Hot-Wire Method Advantages Disadvantages Precise Extensive Procedure of measuring at specified temperature Simplistic in Configuration Not utilized to measure thermal conductivity of anisotropic material Short Duration in Measurement Expertise required Table 3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Hot-wire Method 6.1.2 NEEDLE PROB METHOD It is utilized to measure thermal conductivity of materials as well as thermal diffusivity and specific heat. It has the ability for in-situ measurements and effective contact of the sample with a single tiny gap. When measuring the thermal conductivities of solids, samples are outfitted with hole machined in order to enclose probe diameter whilst measuring liquids, probes are pushed into the samples that are to be tested. This method consists of hollow tube functioning as heat supply element and temperature sensor estrange by means of medium with high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation to ensure minor difference of radial temperature within the probe. 6.1.3 TRADITIONAL TRANSIENT PLANE SOURCE METHOD (TPS) Figure 4 Apparatus of TPS (2010, Home, [Internet] Available at: http://www.ask.com/wiki/Thermal_conductivity_measurement , 10 October 2010)It is also acknowledged as Hot Disk Method and has several advantages such as accurate, comprehensiveness and ease of application. It consists of a flat sensor along with continuous double spiral of electrically conducting nickel metal etched out of thin foil and clad between two layer of kapton which provides mechanically stability and electrically insulation to the sensor. The rise in temperature is caused when current passes through nickel spiral and heat formed is dispersed by sample. Thermal conductivity is measured by recording temperature vs. time response in the sensor. In addition, modified traditional transient plane source method imparts maximum flexibility for scrutinizing thermal conductivity of liquids and powder and sustain heating element on a support. It utilizes single surface interfacial heat reflectance sensor that provides constant heat to the sample and functions temporarily. 6.1.4 TRANSIENT LINE SOURCE METHOD (C-THERM TCi SYSTEM) It is the infinite line source with constant power per unit length and identical in principle to Hot-wire method. In order to determine temperature at a certain distance the following equation was taken into consideration: Equation 3 Measurement of temperature using C-Therm TCi System where: Q = Power per unit Length E = Exponential Integral t = Time Passed since Heating 6.1.5 PIPE TEST METHOD Figure 5 Apparatus of Pipe Test Method (2010, Home, [Internet], Available at: http://www.evitherm.org/default.asp?lan=1ID=894Menu1=894 , 13 October 2010)It is identical in concept to the guarded hot plate method. It consists of a central heater which contains a cylinder placed in such a way that the heater achieves a constant temperature by means of alteration in spacing of windings in the heater in permutation with the utilization of concise split guard heaters at the ends. It can operate horizontally and vertically by situating the apparatus in a stable environment. It employs radial flow to determine thermal conductivity of minerals, plastics etc. 6.1.6 COMPARATIVE TECHNIQUE Figure 6 Apparatus of Comparative Technique (2010, Home, [Internet], Available at: http://www.evitherm.org/default.asp?lan=1ID=893Menu1=893 , 15 October 2010)A test specimen is crammed under load flanked by two reference materials; each is bounded by longitudinal guard cylinder. This results in production of temperature gradient along with the stack as well as longitudinal heat flows as consequences of temperature gradient in the guard cylinder to that in specimen stack. Therefore, the thermal conductivity is measured by recording the difference in temperature across the reference and test specimen. It has several advantages which pursue as: Versatile Simple in implementation Adaptable It is also known as the workhorse of the thermal conductivity field and can be utilized to measure homogenous and heterogeneous composite solids. 6.1.7 GUARDED HOT-PLATE METHOD Figure 7 Apparatus of Guarded Hot Plate Method (2010, Home; [Internet], Available at: http://www.azom.com/details.asp?ArticleID=2667 , 16 October 2010)The test material is positioned on a flat plate heater with electrically heated inner plate surrounded by guard heater. Its function is to maintain similar temperature at both sides of the gap extricating the main and guard heaters as a result, prevention of lateral heat flow and heat energy flows in the direction of sample. Calculated direct current is functioned to the hot plate and numerous temperatures across cold plates and heater is controlled in order to give off constant temperature at the sample surfaces. Hence, the accuracy of thermal conductivity measurements is dependent on conservation of constant temperature conditions and is measured by Fourier heat flow equation: Equation 4 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity using Guarded Hot plate method where: W = Electrical Power Input dT = Difference in temperature across the specimens d = Sample thickness 6.1.8 CUT-BAR TECHNIQUE Figure 8 Apparatus of Cut-Bar Technique (2010, Home, [Internet] Available at: http://www.anter.com/TN67.htm , 17 October 2010)It is utilized for axial thermal conductivity measurements. An unknown thermal conductivity disk sample is sandwiched between two known thermal conductivity cylinder metal brass by thermal grease and pliable metal in order to reduce interfacial thermal between the cylinders. In addition, a thermocouple situated along the three material pieces produces information on the rate of heat flow by the two known thermal conductivity. Hence, thermal conductivity is calculated using the following equation: Equation 5 Measurement of thermal Conductivity using cut-bar technique There are some other techniques to measure thermal conductivity of solids which include: Steady-State techniques Transient Techniques Four-Probe Method Laser Flash Method Guarded Heat Flow Method Angstrom Method Heat Flow Meter Method Photo thermal Method Transient Hot Strip Method Table 4 Other Techniques to measure thermal conductivity of solids 6.2 METHODS TO MEASURE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF LIQUIDS Liquids particles are situated in a cubic lattice, as energy moves from a single lattice plane to the following at a speed at which sound passes through the liquid of interest. Thermal conductivity can be estimated using Bridgemans equation: Equation 6 Bridgemans Equation where: N = Avogadros Constant = (6.023 x 1023) K = (Boltzmanns Constant) = (1.3807 x 10-23 J/K) V= Molar Mass = M/à Ã‚  = Speed of sound through fluid sample A summary of different techniques to measure thermal conductivities of liquids is shown on next page. LASER FLASH METHOD HOT-WIRE METHOD DIFFRENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMTER TRANSIENT TECHNIQUES 3 OMEGA METHOD STEADY STATE TECHNIUQES RADIAL HEAT FLOW APPARATUS CALORIMETER PHOTOPYROELECTRIC DEVICE METHODS TO MEASURE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF LIQUIDS Figure 9 Techniques to measure thermal conductivity of liquids 6.2.1 HOT-WIRE METHOD The apparatus consists of hot-wire cells utilizing electrically insulated hot wires dependent on an electrically conducting fluid. Wires of minute diameter are immersed within the fluid and utilized simultaneously as an electrical resistance as well as resistance thermometers, thus to enable calculation of the increase in temperature due to the resistance heating. Thermal conductivity is determined using the same process as mentioned above. Finite dimensions of the fluid can be improved, however modification to the finite dimension of wire can be reduced by utilizing minute hot-wires. 6.2.2 3-OMEGA METHOD Its features include a heating frequency (of 10 KHz), direct measurement of thermal conductivity and temperature range of -190 to 500. It comprises of alternating current and lock in amplifier to estimate thermal conductivity of the dielectric materials directly. Advantages of 3-Omega Method are being precise and fast. Thin metal situated on the specimen, an alternating current with frequency à Ã¢â‚¬ ° exceeds via strip causing heating of the material and measurement of voltage v (t) simultaneously. In addition, assumption of the heat flow along the cross plane axis of the film results in determination of the thermal conductivity using the following equation: Equation 7 Determination of thermal conductivity using 3 Omega Method where: P1 = Power b = Width of the strip =Increase in temperature oscillation of the strip 6.2.3 LASER FLASH METHOD A liquid sample is sandwiched between a minute thin metal disk and a sampler holder. Sample holder minimizes thermal contact with the sample plus suppresses stray light transmitted from the laser to the IR detector. At the time when the laser beam is taken in the front surface of the metal disk, the heat flows downward through liquid sample and temperature rises. Thus, thermal conductivity can be estimated by the disks foil temperature without measuring the thickness of the sample liquid layer and reference material. 6.2.4 DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETER (DSC) It is a linear heating process that has super imposed sinusoidal oscillation which yields in cyclic heating of the sample. Advantages of the method pursue as: Short Analysis time No instrument modification Figure 10 Apparatus of DSC (2010, Home, [Internet], Available at: http://pslc.ws/macrogcss/dsc.html, 1 November 2010) http://pslc.ws/macrogcss/dsc.html Small thermal gradient across the sample Experiment is performed in a non-adiabatic surrounding; numerous unknown specimens with identical length and cross sectional areas are formed. Furthermore, known specimens with their conductivity and a density supplied to the unknown specimen are formed with identical length and cross sectional to the unknown specimen. Each specimen is subjected to an equal amount of rise in heat to estimate the specific heat capacity. Therefore, the thermal conductivity obtained is: Equation 8 Measurement of thermal conductivity using DSC where: D = diameter of the specimen M = Mass of the specimen = Specific heat capacity 6.2.5 CALORIMETER A device designed to overcome the effects of convection that Prevents accurate measurement of liquids conductivities. Measures organic liquids conductivity rapidly and has several advantages which follow as: Short time measurement Accuracy Constant current passes via thermistor which functions as a heating element immersed in the liquid sample. As conductivity varies with liquid, the rate of temperature varies with liquids. Hence, thermal conductivity is inversely proportional to rate of temperature change. 6.2.6 RADIAL HEAT FLOW APPARATUS Figure 11 Apparatus of Radia Heat Flow (2010, Home, [Internet], Available at: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0104-66321999000400009script=sci_arttext, 27 October 2010)A steady-state technique which offers variation of conductivity under pressure as well as absolutes values of conductivity. It is fast and requires a small pressure gradient. Liquid sample is situated between two concentric cylinders (brass and Pyrex glass construction), the axis of the inner cylinder acts as a supply of heat which flows out radially crossways the layer of fluid. Measurements of difference in temperature between inner and an outer surface of the layer of the fluid are taken to obtain thermal conductivity. 6.3 METHODS TO MEASURE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF GAS Figure 12 TCD to measure thermal Conductivity of Gas (2010, Home, [Internet], Available at: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextpid=S0103-50532004000600009, 2 November 2010) Thermal conductivity detector (TCD) is utilized to measure thermal conductivity of gas by pulse injection. Heat is transmitted from hot to cold element by way of thermal conduction passing through the carrier gas. However, the difference in temperature between hot and cold element is maintained. Due to the thermal flow energy into the gas medium thermal gradient is generated. The power need to heat the hot element is a direct evaluation of the electrically signal output for the thermal conductivity. DISCUSSION As mentioned above, the project is currently at the beginning of the research phase. Investigation into the areas described above is vital as the information gathered will have implications on the selection of the technique for the experiment. The project objectives should be met on schedule as there are not any limitations restricting the project from completion. Whilst performing the experiment in the near future, there may be some timing conflicts as there will be other students using the same machinery in the workshop but as enough time is allocated for the task in hand there should not be any difficulty in completing the objectives. Although there may be some complications when obtaining results, however with the knowledge and experience available via the lab technicians any problem(s) shall be duly addressed. CONCLUSION In conclusion the project aims and deliverables have been identified and the required tasks needed achieve the aims and produce the deliverables have been identified and discussed. An initial Gantt chart has been drawn up to illustrate the sequences and durations of the tasks to be completed. It can be seen that the performance so far is coincident with the planned set of activities for this time period within the Gantt chart. As a result, it is expected that the project is likely to be completed on time.

Moral Absolutes Essay

Why are Christian ethics and theology inseparable? What did Francis Schaeffer mean when he said that not all things are the same to God? Christian ethics is inseparable from theology because it is grounded in the character of God. Francis Schaeffer said that not all things are the same to God and means that God exists and has a character, but not all things are the same to him. Some things conform to His character, and some are opposed to his character. 2. What did Schaeffer conclude about a society without moral absolutes? Do we see this in society? Schaeffer concludes that if a society has no moral absolutes then there is no final appeal to judge between individuals and groups whose moral judgments conflict. There will be no standards and only conflicting opinions. 3. On what authority do Christians base their belief in moral absolutes? How specific is this authority? Christians base their beliefs in moral absolutes through the Bible. Of course, you cannot solve all moral decisions by referring to the Bible but there sufficient guidelines provided to give us a sense of what is morally right. These guidelines are the Decalogue also known as the Ten Commandments and tat is how specific the authority is. 4. Ethically speaking, what are Christians called to do? Christians are called to love the Lord with all their heart, all their soul, and with all their strength and with their entire mind and love your neighbor as yourself. 5. What did Dietrich Bonhoeffer mean by the question, â€Å"Where are the responsible people? He meant Christians, who are willing to treat God’s moral order with the same respect they show His physical order; who love God with their whole body, soul, spirit, mind and strength; who treat others as they desire to be treated. Ethics 3. 2 6. Why do Muslims view Muhammad as morally exemplary even though the Hadith does not paint a flattering portrait of his life? Muslims are conditioned to look at the whole picture through the eyes of faith. Certain things that the Prophet did do not conform to ordinary ideas of morality and may be considered sensual and cruel, but believers look at the whole thing differently. To them morality derives from the Prophet’s actions; the moral is whatever he did. Morality does not determine the Prophet’s actions, but his actions determines morality. 7. How do Christianity and Islam differ in relation to their beliefs about ethical absolutes? Christianity and Islam differ because Christianity is based on the Bible and Islam is based on the Qur’an and the Bible grounds morality in God’s essential character; the Qur’an teaches that God cannot be ultimately known. 8. In what two ways is the term jihad used? First: the battle against temptation and sin for the sake of self-control and the development of virtue; Second: the battle against any and all who oppose Islam. 9. What motivates Muslims to behave ethically? They are motivated by several fronts like: to develop personal virtue and spirituality, to better the state of others, to strengthen relationships, and to anticipate the coming judgment. 10. Which motivation is strongest? The anticipation of final judgment. Ethics 3. 3 11. What is the ultimate ethical question for a Secular Humanist? What questions did Morris B. Storer outline in his book Humanist Ethics? The ultimate ethical question for a Secular Humanist is Can morality be achieved without the foundation of absolute religious beliefs? Who makes the rules, God or men? Morris B. Storer outlined: Is personal advantage the measure of right and wrong or the advantage of all affected? Is there truth in ethics? Are right and wrong expressions of heart or head? Do people have free wills? Do you measure morality by results or by principles? Do people have duties as well as rights? 12. Why are there such diverse views and conflicts regarding humanistic ethics? There are diverse views and conflicts because there is a lack of consensus about the foundation of ethics and that is problematic for the whole concept of Humanistic ethics. 13. Who proposed the â€Å"no-truth thesis† and what does it state? Kai Nelson and it states that no question of the truth or falsity of moral values can sensibly arise. 14. How do most humanists attempt to dodge the â€Å"no-truth thesis†? How does Corliss Lamont address this issue? They attempt to doge it by claiming that they use reason to determine right and wrong in the context of ethical relativism. Lamont addresses the issue with optimism stating that as long as we pursue activities that are healthy, socially useful and in accordance with reason, pleasure and happiness will accompany us and the supreme good will the eventual result. 15. What did Arthur E. Gravatt, Joseph Fletcher, Herbert W. Schneider, and Paul Kurtz have to say about Ethics? Dr. Arthur E. Gravatt: Moral behavior may differ from situation to situation. Behavior might be moral for one person and not another or moral at one time and not another. Joseph Fletcher: Rights and wrongs are determined by objective facts or circumstances, that is, by the situations in which moral agents have to decide for the most beneficial course open to choice. Herbert W. Schneider: Morality is â€Å"an experimental art† and is the â€Å"basic art of living well together. † Moral right and wrong must therefore be conceived in terms of moral standards generated in a particular society. Paul Kurtz: Moral principles should be treated as hypotheses, tested by their practical worth and judged by what they cause to happen. Ethics 3. 4 16. How did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels view the issue of morality? Marx and Engels denied that moral ideals, moral considerations, are central in human life and social evolution. Rather, it is biological and social evolution that determines their definition of morality. What is right and wrong is determined by what is best for evolution. 17. What is the Marxist-Leninist morality of the future? How will it be determined? Their morality of the future is when the proletariat finally destroys the bourgeoisie. The new classless society will determine the new morality, just as this evolution toward a classless society is dictating today’s morality. 18. What is the Marxist-Leninist view of â€Å"old morality?They view old morality as products of the bourgeoisie invented and used by the propertied class to oppress the propertyless proletariat. 19. What is the Marxist code of ethics according to the book Scientific Communism? â€Å"Devotion to the cause of the working class, collectivism, mutual aid, comradely solidarity, hatred toward the bourgeois ie and toward traitors to the common cause, internationalism, and stoicism in struggle are traits which not only define the content of proletarian ethics, but also characterize the moral image of the typical representatives of the working class. 20. What means have Marxists historically believed would bring about a society without class distinction? What have been the results of such an ethical system? They believe that revolution is the most efficient means for creating a society without class distinctions. This system is responsible for 83 million deaths between 1917 and 1964. But from a Marxist-Leninist point of view, it is worth the price if people die to abolish social classes and private property.

Recidivism And The Criminal Justice System - 1686 Words

Currently there are 2.4 million inmates in state and federal prisons across the United States. (Cullen, 2011) Each year, more than 700,000 individuals are released from state and federal prisons. Statistics indicate that more than two-thirds of state prisoners are rearrested within three years of their release and half are reincarcerated. High rates of recidivism mean more crime, more victims and more pressure on an already overburdened criminal justice system. A topic of much discussion is what happens when the inmates are released back into society? Are they prepared for the â€Å"outside† world? Has the institution done enough to prevent recidivism? It can be said that prison based education is a means of rehabilitating and re-direction. If someone is released with only the same knowledge, skills, and abilities they entered prison with, then they are likely to become involved in the same activities as prior to being incarcerated. This action is known in the criminal justice community as recidivism. Recidivism is a tendency to relapse into a previous condition or mode of behavior. (Merriam-Webster, 2014) Recidivism is the largest concern for prison system professionals. The goal of most prisons is to rehabilitate the offender, not to punish per say. If the inmate is to return to free society, prison officials need to attempt to reduce or eliminate the possibility of committing criminal offenses upon release. Currently prisons provide various forms of education toShow MoreRelatedRecidivism in the United States Criminal Justice System Essay1203 Words   |  5 PagesRecidivism in the United States Criminal Justice System An ongoing and increasingly evident issue in the criminal justice system is how convicted individuals reenter society with little or no gradual process. These individuals often resort back to criminal activity in an act termed recidivism. 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Niccolo Machiavelli s The Prince Of Princes During The...

Machiavellian, nowadays, is a synonym for someone that is cruel and self-interested. While in reality, Niccolà ² Machiavelli, a counsellor of Princes during the Florentine Republic, was one of the greatest defenders of people’s liberty and political self-determination. He is depicted in such erroneous ways because his amoral and realist point of view was extremely controversial during the time he lived. Yet, the writer always defended the people and their interests as a whole. As mentioned before, Machiavelli lived in the Florentine Republic. He was member of a consul in which each representative was elected by civilians. Therefore, he was heavily involved with domestic affairs and even militia (in fact, he was one of the first advocates†¦show more content†¦Yet, he always claimed that religion was an important aid to the state as it taught discipline, unity and goodness to citizens. And in his perception, these traits are so important because they guide civilians to work towards a common good instead of personal and materialistic matters. Thus, Machiavelli has always defended the use of the Church’s teachings for the common good. As a result, according to Machiavelli, due Fortuna, future is something that is created, not something out there waiting to happen. Furthermore, there is an uncertain nature of the future, as one might have bad luck; therefore, future is fundamentally unwritten and uncertain. Additionally, there are not universal rules nor morals. Accordingly, a leader must always: 1) be flexible; 2) insert himself (highly misogynist era) into the context that his people are living. By flexible, the writer meant being able to respond to time and its changes; meaning that a ruler must be prepared for unexpected events, as everything changes overtime according to context, even human nature itself. 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Starting with who Machiavelli is, the purpose of this paper is to explain some of his philosophies on how an ideal prince rules and acts, along with the conditions of his timeRead MoreNiccolo Machiavelli s The Prince1719 Words   |  7 PagesMachiavelli’s, The Prince, a book written by Niccolà ² Machiavelli, is a read that most people wouldn’t prefer to read as a first option but in defense to Niccolo, it brings out many themes such as Goodwill and Hatred, Free will, and Human Nature. â€Å"It is known from his personal correspondence that The Prince was written during 1513, the year after the Medici took control of Florence, and a few months after Machiavelli s arrest, torture, and banishment by the Medici regime† (Bio.com). The novel wasRead MoreNiccolo Machiavelli s The Prince879 Words   |  4 Pages Machiavelli wrote The Prince in 16th-century. His methods of acquiring and maintaining rule over people are not relevant in today’s modern American society. There are many principles that are still true in politics today, but the methods of ruling can no longer be used in American society today. Niccolà ² Machiavelli was born in Florence, Italy in 1496. He was a diplomat in Italy s Florentine Republic for fourteen years. This was during the Medici family exile, and when they returned, MachiavelliRead MoreEssay about Machiavellis Reputation in the Modern World2985 Words   |  12 PagesMachiavellis Reputation in the Modern World Niccolà ² Machiavelli was known during much his life as a part of the republican government in Florence until 1512. At that time, the Medici family took over the city and ruled under a more monarchical system. From that point until his death in 1527, Machiavelli was always just on the outside of Florentine politics. He would occasionally get work from the Medici but his tasks were never as important as they had been under the republican governmentRead More Analysis of Mores The Prince and Utopia Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pages Niccolo Machiavelli was born in Florence, Italy in 1469 to a middleclass family. The time in which Machiavelli lived Italy as a country was not united but divide and split into little providences and republics. He latter became responsible for the Florentine militia against the Medici government and rule. When the Medici power reclaimed Florence Machiavelli was arrested for conspiracy he was tortured and then banished from Florence. 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If you hear the term Romantic Era your mind is immediately transported to hear the soft music of Lizt, Schubert, or Chopin, and your eyes begin to see waves of the soft colours found in the paintings of Turner, Goya, and Blake. You might even begin reciting a line from a poem by Lord Byron or a quote from one of Jane Austen s belovedRead MoreMachiavelli s The Power Of Fear Essay2150 Words   |  9 Pagesfirst brought into light by Niccolà ² di Bernardo dei Machiavelli, who was an Italian Renaissance historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist, and writer. He has often been called the founder of modern political science. He was for many years a senior official in the Florentine Republic, with responsibilities in diplomatic and military affairs. He also wrote comedies, carnival songs, and poetry. He wrote his most renowned work The Prince (Il Principe) in 1513 during the turbulent days of theRead MoreInfluence Of The Renaissance On Modern Western Society Essay1712 Words   |  7 Pagesrenaissance Italy, Florence and Venice. These small city-states were the powerhouses of the time and assisted speeding up the renaissance and helped spur revolutionary developments along the way being the main hubs of influence in the Italian peninsula during the late 13th and early 16th century. Florence could be characterized as a financial centre, with their banking system considered extraordinarily ahead of time; in addition being the main producers of fine elevated their chances to conduct successfulRead MoreThe Current Sovereignty Dispute On Ukraine2693 Words   |  11 Pagesimplementing the works of Niccolo Machiavelli. Indeed, one can simply go chapter by chapter from works such as â€Å"The Prince† and see striking similarities. But what if Ukraine’s response was different? What if they responded to Russian militar y incursions and action on their territory the same way? Major changes were about Western Europe during the Renaissance Period, particularly in the military and political affairs. Many of the changes were a result of development during the Middle Ages in Europe